The Sun parent star in the solar system and the divine spirit
The Sun is a ball of light hydrogen and helium, with a diameter of 1.4 million kilometers and with a mass equal to 745 times that of all the planets combined. It is essential for life on Earth, because it provides light and heat without which our planet would be uninhabitable: It is important to astronomers because it is the only star that we observe closely, studying who, we learn about the stars in general many things that otherwise we would never know.
Looking at the projected image of the Sun, one can see the shiny surface, or photosphere (light sphere) consists of gas bubbling at a temperature of 5500 ° C: although this is very hot is cold compared to the inner core of the Sun where Nuclear reactions take place that produce energy, and where it is estimated that the temperature is about 15 million ° C!
The photosphere has an effect called granulation (for which it appears mottled and consists of granules) caused by the cells of hot gas that rise in the boiling photosphere, such as water that boils in a pot: the diameter of the granules is from about 300 to 1500 Km .
If you look closely at the projected image of the Sun, we notice that edges appear dimmer than the center of the disk, an effect called darkening the edges, caused by the fact that the gases of the photosphere are quite transparent,
In the background you can see more of the brightest spots called faculae, areas of higher temperature on the photosphere, while the darker regions called sunspots, are the coldest areas.
The number of sunspots visible increases or decreases according to a cycle that lasts about 11 years, but the duration of a single cycle can range from 8 to 16 years: at times of minimum activity, the Sun can remain for days without spots, while in periods of peak activity can be seen simultaneously more than one hundred spots.
The first spots of a new cycle appear at about 30 ° -35 ° north and south solar equator, the phenomenon that gradually progresses, the spots tend to form closer to the equator, gradually increasing the number of spots present , and then decreased gradually to subside.
The most beautiful object to observe the Sun is the Crown, a faint halo of gas that becomes visible only when the photosphere is completely obscured by an 'eclipse: it consists of extremely rarefied gas at a temperature of 1-2 million ° C.
Since gas flows continuously from the crown in the solar system, forming what is called the solar wind of atomic particles of solar wind passing close to Earth at a speed of 400 km per second.
Always been our daytime star has symbolized the divine Spirit in the center of everything belonging to the set, which illuminates, warms hearts, direct our minds, raises the spirits to lofty things, protecting the inner darkness.
It has always been that schematically on the images of gods that have taken place in human history, centralized kingship, which is why the King of France was called "Sun King".