2012 The Maya prophecies
The history of the Maya began around 1500 BC in southern Mexico (current federal states of Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatan), Guatemala, in El Salvador and Belize (formerly British Honduras). There are three periods in which it is usually divided the history of the Maya: the first is the pre classic from 1500 BC (For others, since 1000 BC or 1800 BC) to 317 AD the second is the Classical Period ranging from 317 (corresponding to year years older than the Mayan calendar) to 987 AD, the third is the Post Classic Period, from 987. In pre classic is the presence in the region of Peten, Guatemala, the early Maya. Perhaps they came from the north or were influenced by some immigrants from the region of Mexico. They were probably nomadic tribes that became farmers living in small groups close to farmland.
Their main crop was that of corn, grown mainly in the highlands of Guatemala.
After the Swasey of Cuello, historiography records a long period that ends around the thirteenth century with the insertion of the Mayan Olmec World. After this stage, the Mayan culture has a first step forward, under the influence of Cerro de Las Mesas, with the centers of the Pacific slope of Guatemala (Izapa, Kaminaljuyú and north of the area that includes sites such as Uaxactun and El Mirador ).
Today we know that this period of transition from classical to pre Classic was one of the highest in Mayan history in terms of intellectual fervor and one can rightly assume that the whole area saw this flowering, although to different degrees. El Mirador was perhaps the most core of cultural production, and from this place, as we have seen, may be playing the decisive impulse to the subsequent aging of the Classic Period of Maya culture. In the second period, the Classic, the Maya reached their peak (in today's Guatemala) with the construction of dominant states such as Palenque, Piedras Negras, Copan and Quirigua. By the late ninth century, however, these towns were all abandoned, but the reason is not clear: perhaps earthquakes, climate changes, epidemics, civil wars. From the tenth century the Mayans did not build more monuments, so in this age period, the heyday. A first phase of the Classic (250-600 AD) is characterized by a strong cultural influence and economic metropolis of Teotihuacan Mexican.
Subsequently, the entire Mayan world takes its way to his cultural apogee. Each Mayan city has specific characteristics that distinguish it clearly from the other. It is conceivable that the great centers constituted of small regions around them culturally defined and still clearly identifiable. Yet the area has a strong unity, because almost as if in obedience to a superior order, to a preconceived plan and imposed on the entire Mayan world, each region seems to specialize, assuming a role within the entire production and theoretical material: a truly integrated system like that of a unitary nation. The third period, or post-classical, sees the center of the Mayan civilization to move more north, in the Yucatan region. The environmental conditions influenced negatively on the culture of the Mayas, in fact, when the Spaniards arrived civilization was already in full decline.
Towards the tenth century A.D. all big cities are quickly abandoned. For almost two hundred years, Yucatan blooms and develop centers as Uxmal and the north-east of the Yucatan peninsula, Chichen Itza. For many years scholars thought that this development depended on the arrival of groups fleeing the destruction of the Toltec Tula. Today we know that Tula archaeological belongs to the phase immediately after Chichen Itza. Chichen Itza was, if anything, to influence Tula and other sites of central Mexico as Xochicalco.
The end of flowering Classic Maya was surely the product of many causes, all somehow connected with the kind of economic and social construct of the Mesoamerican people. The fortunes of his city was born and raised on the consensus achieved by the wisdom of his priestly class in sacred things, and in those of nature. As at the time of the Olmecs, the chief priest was still the governor among the men and the divine. The agreement went into decline when agricultural technology was insufficient to cover economic needs: economic collapse, famine, riots, wars did crumble within a few decades the Maya world, built over centuries of patient labor. The memory of the Mayan culture is clearly and fully carved on the temples, the palaces, the pyramids, and above is described in the hieroglyphics of stems, on which are marked with accuracy the dates, events are depicted and portrayed the life of the people. Under the influence of the powerful culture radiated from these centers, the ancient Maya realized one of the complexes of material culture and cultural theory more refined humanity. Pure theory, even paradoxically, When they make things concrete, were both extraordinary artists and scientists very sharp, refined theorists and performers without peer, reaching in all areas of what appear to be - at least according to certain canons - the highest peaks of their time . On the other hand, they are gone down in history as a violent religion that included human sacrifices also collective. Were found by archaeologists were in fact thousands of human skulls.
The type of government was simple Maya. The people seem to wish to be governed as little as possible. In fact, the Mayans did not constitute an empire ever: their organization was based on a set of city-state. There were just so many city-states similar to those of ancient Greece or medieval Italy, who shared religion, culture and language, but each had its own sovereign rights and has its own laws. Each city-state was ruled by a hereditary chief, who exercised administrative, executive and possibly even religious. Under him, the nobility presided over small municipalities who crowded around the city center: those nobles acted as judges, to tax collectors and keepers of order.
That said, it certainly does not end the argument, but want to be just an introduction, it must be said that the history of this civilization, as bloody and barbaric enough, had a mathematical technology ahead of its time, and that on the end and on many aspects of everyday life, there are still many dark side, because the "colonizzatoti" Catholics thought it best to destroy the knowledge of Maya writing, why certain as "worn by Satan." Maybe, just maybe, some (very few actually) representatives of the "I" have also brought positive changes with respect to certain pre-existing situations of the companies with which they came and are still in contact, but at what price? However, the Mayan civilization has found new life in the interests linked to the New Age movement, where a number of researchers, more or less recognized, have set out various assumptions about the history of this people, but also on theories, because this is about, regarding the end of the world.
I leave you will judge what they were referring to the Maya, says when you speak of the end of the world, or just a cyclical change of era.
- December 21, 2012 Nasa
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