Runes: runic alphabets
ELDER Futhark
It is thought to be the oldest version of the runic alphabet and was used in the European regions where they lived the Germanic peoples, including Scandinavia, probably, other versions were developed from this. The names of the letters are in ancient Germanic language with English translation below. The oldest evidence of etching with the Old Futhark complete discovery of the stone is Kilver Stone, found on a farm in Stanga, Gotland, Sweden. The incision was directed towards the interior of the tomb, perhaps as a message to the deceased.
Rune GOTHIC
The Gothic was the language of the eastern Germanic peoples. It was originally written using the runic alphabet of which we have little information due to lack of physical evidence found. Some say that the runic alphabet was created by the Goths but there is sufficient evidence to confirm this theory. These runes were replaced with another alphabet created by Bishop Wulfila in the fourth century. A.D.
ANGLO-SAXON FUTHORC
The runic alphabet was brought to Britain around the fifth century. A.D. probably by the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians from (collectively called the "Anglo-Saxons"), the runes were used until the eleventh century. The runic inscriptions in this alphabet, are mostly found on jewelery, weapons, stones and other objects. A few examples of runic writing in manuscript form have come down to us.
YOUNG Futhork or "YOUNGER Futhork"
The alphabet was the most popular in Scandinavia during the Viking Age, and development up to its most developed form in 800 AD Was gradually and almost completely replaced by the Latin around 1200 AD, as a result of the conversion of Scandinavia to Christianity. Three slightly different versions of that, I have developed in Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Rune HUNGARIAN
The Hungarian runes (Székely Rovàsìràs, which stands for Rovas runes while Skékely was the people that used them) probably descended from the alphabet runic turkish (Kok Turki) used in Central Asia: also "Ro" in ancient Hungarian means cutting, etching, so Rovas means engravings. They were used by the Magyars Szekler, inhabitants of Transylvania, in Hungary before István, the first Christian king of Hungary, who ordered that all documents are destroyed in pre-Christian era. However, in remote regions of Transylvania, the runes continued to be used until 1850. The salient features of this alphabet are: that it was used to write mostly on wooden poles style bustrofedico (ie alternating the writing direction from right to left and vice versa), although the direction from right to left was the most used; runes include separate letters for each phoneme in Hungarian and this makes them more suitable to be used to write the Hungarian than the Latin alphabet. The words were separated by three vertical dots; ligatures (intertwined runes) were very popular and sometimes whole words were written with a unique symbol, there were no upper and lower case, but often the beginning of a proper name, was written a bit 'bigger.
RUNE ALPHABET Orkhon Siberian
The earliest examples of writing Turkic were found in the valley of the Orkhon River in Mongolia in the nineteenth century: they are dated eighth century. AD, and the writing is known as the Orkhon alphabet. Registrations for the same period, with some variations, were found in the valley of the Yenisei River in Siberia, where they are known as Yenisei or Siberian runes. The Siberian runes are engraved on rocks often with human figures or animals.
Rune Cirth
The writer J.R.R. Tolkien created this alphabet for his books, inspired by the Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet and Scandinavia. In his books he also created different languages which are associated with these runes, the correct pronunciation is with the "c" hard (Kirth). This alphabet is used to write in some language of "Middle Earth" as "Quenya", one of the languages of the elves, based on Finnish, greek and latin. The Gnomish or Sindarin, the language of the Sindar elves gray, created, inspired by the Welsh. The Dwarvish, the language of the dwarves. Other runic alphabets were recently created for role-playing games or for divination.
Rune ARMANICHE
They were created by Viennese Guido von List, poet, journalist, writer and scholar of the occult. He published the book "Das Geheimnis der Runen" (The Secret of the Runes) he presents a new runic alphabet developed as a result of his study of ancient texts: the Poetic Edda contains a particular song called "Dissertation on the magic songs," stanzas 146-163, in which there are 18 carols as many runes. They are mysterious runes, have not been deciphered with certainty and it is likely that the List has tried to interpret drawing ispirazine to create this new sequence rune. In 1908 he founded a company to study and dissemination of his theories sull'Armanesimo, mythological ideology, cultural and racial, later, in a sadly distorted, would have greatly influenced Nazi thinking. The runes of this system were most probably the basis on which the calculations were structured symbolic energy of the Runes used by the Nazis, loaded with connotations of control and power that, even today, make the runes of this system, very sinister.
The type of Rune covered in this site refers to the ancient Elder Futhark